There is no denying the fact that the functionalist knows that nation-state system is changeable and is the cause of aggression, separation which undermines the real needs and interests of human race. They tried to give importance on specific tasks of economic and welfare co-operation. This would avoid divisive political debate, but at the same time create a community of interest which would ultimately render national frontiers meaningless. According to the functionalist view technical collaboration in one sector generates a felt need for functional collaboration in other sectors. The neo-functionalists consider integration as both a process and an outcome, but they prefer to emphasise on co-operative decision-making processes and elite attitudes in order to assess the progress towards integration. They have focused primarily on formal institutions in an attempt to determine the extent to which important functions are carried out by national as opposed to international agencies.
The transaction based approach seeks to measure the process of integration by watching the flow of international transactions, such as trade, tourists, letters, and immigrants. Karl W. Deutsch and some other writers have termed this perspective the communications approach. Deutsch hypothesised that, the more one nation-state interacts with another, the more relevant they become to each other; however, such an increase in mutual relevance may not lead to integration unless it is accompanied by mutual responsiveness, which was defined as the ability to respond satisfactorily to the demands contained in the transactions between the actors involved. In the view of all Management cooperation, a community cannot exists unless its members are co-dependent, and such interdependence can only be established by a network of mutual transactions. Although it seems that the South Asian states wanted to emphasis on functionalist and Tran sectionalist approach in their regional integration, but they did not transfer their core issues to their regional body. Even communication among states did not increase considerably. Mutual response is also very low in the area. For heterogeneity in various fields among the South Asian states mutual transaction has not developed. Analysis of the heterogeneity among the South Asian states is the main issue of the present paper.
Management Concept
The most common route to regional integration is through progressive liberalisation of trade relations between members of a regional community, which could progress through various stages: First a Preferential Trade Area (PTA) with lower tariffs; then a Free Trade Area with no tariffs; next a Custom Union with common external tariff applied to external trade; a Common Market with free movement of all factors of production and stability in internal exchange rate with full convertibility; an Economic Union with common currency and a unified monetary policy and a Political Union with unified judicial and legislative process of members states. By following above mentioned process of regional integration we can evaluate the position of a regional integration initiative. On the other hand, the term regional co-operation is a loose construction of integration. It denotes a willingness on the part of countries to work together in achieving regional economic interests on the assumption that, in the long run, this will result in enhancing national economic interests and welfare even if national interests might need to be subordinated in the short run.
In view of the above, it is evident that the concepts which are virtually important to establish economic relationship needs to be promulgated for the sake of the nations undoubtedly. The cooperation criteria envisage the capacity building aspects among nation for which divisions, differentiation in opinions, misrepresentation and financial stringency amalgamation need to be sorted out for finding a solution to live with peace, prosperity and realism of life.
Some Functional Concepts Of Modern Management System
Kh. Atiar Rahman is a distinguished author and a poet. He has many publication in national and international media
Related : Motivational Techniques